The old Pennsylvania rifles carried by the like of Daniel Boone were generally .36 to .45 calibre, firing round patched ball at about 1,200 fps.
A .40 cal lead ball weighs 95.9 gr. At typical speed, that's a ME of 306 ft-lb, far less than any normal 9 x 19 load.
No massive energy, but they managed to take anything they could track - specifically including deer. I suspect that it was - as always - placement, placement, placement.
So yes, it's capable. Now ask if it's a good choice. Boone and his contemporaries used what was available. If they'd been offered a .30-06, I'm sure they would've grabbed it.