Knowing the weight of the brass in a given type of case used to be treated as a strong indicator of the quality of the case (say, in terms of its likely longevity, etc.). It is still true to a degree, but there is a twist.
Specifically, we know that brass is an alloy of metals which will have varying properties – depending on what is in the brass. More specifically, brass is an alloy – normally made-up prominently of copper and zinc; with possible trace amount of other stuff. Copper has a specific gravity (“SG”) of 8.930 – which, in simple terms, means that, for any given volume, copper is 8.9 times as heavy as the same volume of water. Copper is softer and denser or “
heavier” than Zinc.
Zinc has an SG of 7.135 and is harder/ stronger and “
lighter” than copper (for the same volume). If you blend the two – in equal parts – the specific gravity of the two would just be the average. When you blend the two metals with 70% copper and 30% Zinc, you’ve got an alloy that commercially is called “
cartridge brass”, and the specific gravity is the weighted average of the two different SGs – which comes out to 8.392. Since Zinc is less-dense than copper, as you add more zinc – and less copper – to the mix, the density of the alloy goes down, even as you are putting in more of the stuff that adds to its strength.
If you are about to say “
that’s crazy, how can a metal alloy be both stronger and lighter than another alloy mix” consider the case of your “
el cheapo” bicycle – with a rolled steel frame, versus a bike with the same construction made with chrome moly steel. The latter going to be lighter and stronger. Similarly, a pure lead bullet is going to be more dense and softer than a lead alloy cast bullet that has some less-dense tin in the mix.
What it comes down to is that a case, made with cartridge grade brass, is going to weight a bit less than a case made of exactly the same volume of brass, if that second case was made with a lower quality brass – containing for example 20% zinc and 80% copper. A person could, in that instance say, “
oh the heavier one is better”, but in that instance, they’d be wrong.
If you were to find a cartridge case that is heavier than others – AND is made of a higher quality of brass – that would have to mean that the case is made of less dense brass AND they have used more of that to make the case. Generally that would suggest that the case is better in two separate respects. Better alloy and more case thickness.
That could be the situation with Herter's 303 British cases. I'm looking into that now.
I have a bunch of different 303Br brass that I have finally finished processing so I thought I'd weigh them because they are all as close to identical as I can make them. The cases all went through the exact same prep:
1. Deprimed and cleaned with steel pins to remove all fouling inside and out.
2. Primer pockets uniformed and flash holes deburred.
3. Full length sized
4. Trimmed to 2.212" length
Weights: (average of 10 cases)
Imperial: 171.1 SD 6.6
Dominion: 164.4 SD 4.6
Federal: 171.2 SD 1.6
Winchester: 169.5 SD 1.1
PPU: 172.1 SD 1.0
<snip>