Tighter tolerances, better finish honing, lapping, and proper stress relieving take time which costs more so higher cost is a byproduct of making a barrel properly.
Perfect Description. Also, in the chambering and set up process, Competition barrel makers are going to hold to tighter tolerances and more willing to scrap a barrel not to spec.
I think competition is a better description as "match" has been so overused it has lost so much of its meaning.
For me, the key is consistency and repeatability. If you are shooting quality ammo (preferably handloads tuned to the barrel needs), the barrel should offer a consistent sub MOA performance.. not the occasional hero group or if you discount "pulled shots".
The best way to prove performance is to take the CGN AR accuracy challenge. On 1 target, shoot 5X 5rds groups. Take whatever time needed under calm conditions... but all shots count. No mulligans or shoot overs. Put 5 groups down and see what the largest group is and the average.
If you are really ambitious, do it again.
A true competition grade barrel is going to hammer that target with boring regularity and there really isn't going to be huge difference between the widest and the average. The first time I did this challenge, 1 shot was out pushing my 5 group average a hint too far... so I did it again and finished. 49 of 50rds met the accuracy challenge. I would say that is pretty consistent.
I was shooting a McGowen AR15 barrel put onto a Norc M4. Nothing special from a rifle standpoint but the barrel sure shot well with my handloads.
Was just doing a function test for a customer.. starting load in 6.5 Creedmoor... one group. Figured it was enough to prove the rifle shoots.
Ironically, these McGowen barrels don't cost a much more then other makes and they have been shooting really well.
AR competition in the US is a massive market and the top barrel makers have to be at the top of their game to keep on the podium. Here you will see manfs like Shilen and Krieger doing very well at National level events.
Shooters can debate semantics all day... I prefer to just let the targets speak for themself.
PM or email if I can help with a barrel that can shoot itty bitty groups.
Jerry