I shoot at a small indoor range on the outskirts of town, with a metal backstop behind the targets, and I can understand why range owners in similar situations would require new shooters to be able to keep their shots within the area of the backstop, as defined by the bed sheet of the target so you can at least confirm some kind of hit. If you aren't capable of hitting the bed sheet with your gun, you are capable of putting bullets god knows where. I would recommend joining another club, at least to develop a basic skill level with the larger calibre guns, and perhaps come back to this club when you're capable of meeting the requirements.
I don't think expecting a basic level of safety with firearms (if the range location and construction requires it) is out of line.
I don't think expecting a basic level of safety with firearms (if the range location and construction requires it) is out of line.