So.......I just want to jump in and get an on track answer from some in this chat who arnt useing the thread to ##### about wording and symantics about the BLR and someones mistake to type a wrong letter in a bad place.
If for all around bush gun, from deer to Moose and anything in that wieght catagory (bear, elk, bigger bears and other meat producing animals who fall in the Large game catagory), would you use a 30-30 a 45-70, or a 308. idealy the rifle should be less than 40" long Total length (marlin, ruger scout are both under 40") NOT INTERESTED IN THE BLR (however you class it)
I ask these calibers as most in this chat who have stayed on topic have mentioned these 3 most. "remember, its for a short barrel bush gun" and "looking for a new bang stick" (WANT not a need)
Not 30-30, period. IMO, the 30-30 is a great short range deer gun, but it would never be my first choice for a moose hunt (hell I'd be hard pressed to use one on a deer hunt with a 270 and a 303 sitting in my locker)
308 is a good all-around cartridge, hard to go wrong with it. Good trajectory, BCs, sectional density, everything you would want in a utilitarian do-it-all sorta caliber.
45-70 is a bit more of a niche cartridge. Its rainbow trajectory (compared to, say a 308) means it is not well suited for longer ranges, and the ballistic coefficients on the bullets available for it only reinforce this fact. While a 45-70 has around 3000 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle, that is cut in half by the time it gets to 200 yards. (3032, 2158, 1516 ft/lbs at 0, 100, 200 yards.) Meanwhile, the 308 has only 2670 at the muzzle, but still holds 1939ft/lbs at 200 yards. (Comparing 45-70 325gr LeverEvolution to a 308 165gr Hornady Interlock, numbers from the Hornady website.)
Where the 45-70 really shines is if you handload. You can load up some real light stuff for practice/plinking, and some really heavy-duty loads for moose-flattening. If you dont handload, then you are limited to factory ammo which is largely horrible. This is because most factory loads are made weak enough to be safe for a trap-door Springfield, which is a much weaker action than something more modern.