The perfect dovetail - step by step.
Had a bootload (7) dovetails to cut for the Jaeger project last night, I already knew I was pretty good at it so I set a timer. Found out I can cut a perfect dovetail, including layout, in 18 minutes! pretty impressed with myself!!
Not sure if I have outlined the process before, this is probably old hat to a lot of you, but for anyone not familiar ~ here is a step by step (including a secret!)
Figure out how thick your barrel wall is at the dovetail - (outside width or diameter - bore max diameter in the grooves / 2) in the case of this swamped barrel the smallest wall thickness it 0.125" - for barrel lugs you do not need a lot of meat for the dovetail 1/16" is plenty so I set my depth gauge to 0.060"
Use some prussian blue (great stuff) and a scribe to layout the locations & depths of the dovetails. I laid out the depths here at 1/16" on the side flats. The actual depth will be deeper because of the angle of the flats, but that is good as it gives me a bit of wiggle room to finesse things coming closer to the bottom of the cut.
Make sure you mark your depth on BOTH sides of the barrel.
Use a 3 sided file (use a quality file.... Princess auto won't cut it!) to start/mark where you are going to cut with a hacksaw.
Use a fine toothed hacksaw blade to cut ~almost~ down to your layout lines, on both sides of the barrel. This will help ensure that your dovetail bottom will be level.
Use the edge of a mill file to remove all the material that the hacksaw left do not file the sides yet. You should still be able to see the layout lines for the width of the dovetail.
Use the depth gauge in all 4 corners and the center to check your depth. STOP short of your final depth by 0.030" 1/32" or so ... you are going to switch to a finer file.
More prussian blue, you should have something looking like this - switch to a narrow (less than your 3/8 width) finer file - I'm using a 5/16 triangular file.
The prussian blue is gonna help you see where the high spots are and keep the bottom even, if you are anything like me, you have a slight hump in the middle and deeper on the exit side of your cuts.
Keep (lightly) filing, using the depth gauge & blue to get a perfectly flat bottomed channel. Do not cut the sides of the channel yet - you should be able to still see your with layout lines.
So here is the secret - it's common practice to use a triangular file with a "safe" edge (one side has the teeth ground off it) but that will still be very difficult to do the undercuts without the bottoms tipping up towards the outside of the barrel....
THIS is a triangular file with a safe edge, BUT the safe edge is hollow ground. That lets you maintain a perfectly flat bottom in the undercuts, it also seems to cut faster and more accurately.
now start cutting the undercuts....
More prussian blue here - keep an eye on the thickness of the line at the top of the undercut
Keep that line the same thickness across the width of the dovetail - this is what is telling you if the undercut is square to the barrel axis or not (assuming your layout line was square)
file right up to withing 1/64" 0.010"ish of your layout line so you have some room to finesse whatever you are going to jam in there.
You should have something like this........ note you can still see the layout lines for the 3/8 width on both sides of the top of the cut.
Do the other side just the same...
End result (the blue is just for pic clarity - it also keeps things from rusting while barrels sit around waiting to get blued

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Now for the ugly part ... making the under lugs & sling lug - something I'm not so great at
